This article was written by Dr. Lisa Sharko. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) is a rapid, on-farm screening tool used to detect mastitis in lactating ruminants by estimating the number of somatic cells in the milk. It is a cost-effective test that can be performed quickly by producers, providing immediate results. The CMT can be used to evaluate individual animals or to screen larger production groups, such as fresh does. While the test is simple to perform, accurate interpretation requires training and experience. Producers are encouraged to work with their herd veterinarian to review testing techniques, develop a testing strategy, and establish response protocols based on test results. CMT kits are available through veterinary clinics and agricultural supply retailers that…
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The Basics of Pregnancy Toxemia (Ketosis)
This article was written by Kristy Blankers and Dr. Lisa Sharko. Introduction Pregnancy toxemia, also known as ketosis, is a metabolic disease in dairy goats that occurs during late pregnancy and is caused by an elevation in ketone bodies. Pregnancy toxemia most commonly develops one to three weeks before kidding. Late gestation is a period of high energy demand as the animal supports multiple fast-growing fetuses. If these energy demands exceed the goat’s intake, they enter a state of negative energy balance. Fat is mobilized from the doe’s fat stores and transported to the liver to be used as an energy source. The fat is broken down into ketones, which can be used as an alternative emergency energy source. However,…
Hoof Health in Small Ruminants
On August 17th and August 19th 2023, Ontario Goat hosted a hoof health clinic emphasizing the importance of hoof trimming and preventing hoof diseases in your goats. Featured speakers included Dr. Gosia Zoebel (New Zealand), Susan Schoenian (University of Maryland), Dr. Emily zur Linden (Metzger Veterinary), and Dr. Lauren Wilson (Cornwallis Veterinary Services). Inspired by the event, this blog post discusses the importance of hoof trimming and outlines hoof ailments that you may be concerned about in your sheep and goats. Hoof Trimming In intensive systems, like those in Ontario, animals are typically housed on soft surfaces that don’t allow for natural wearing of the hooves. Allowing hooves to overgrow and become deformed can cause permanent damage and increase susceptibility…
